Amnesia and Dementia
Amnesia and dementia are both related to cognitive health but differ significantly. Amnesia primarily affects the memory, characterized by difficulty in recalling past events or forming new memories.
Curated by ZOCVI Medical Team
Memory & Cognitive Health
OverviewMemory & Cognitive Health covers age-related cognitive changes, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Our doctors and editorial team explain how to distinguish normal aging from disease, what early signs warrant evaluation, what current treatments can and cannot do, and how families can support a loved one through cognitive decline.
Last reviewed: 11 August 2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
Expert answers from our medical team
What's normal age-related memory change versus dementia?
Normal ageing: occasionally forgetting names but remembering later, misplacing items but retracing steps, taking longer to learn new things. Dementia: forgetting recent important events, getting lost in familiar places, difficulty managing money or medications, personality changes, poor judgment, difficulty with familiar tasks, repeatedly asking the same questions. Both can happen — dementia has patterns worth recognising early.
Can dementia be prevented?
No guarantees, but the modifiable risk factors are: managing cardiovascular risk (BP, cholesterol, diabetes, weight), regular physical activity, mental engagement (learning, reading, puzzles, social activity), good sleep, treating hearing loss (surprisingly important), avoiding excessive alcohol, and not smoking. What's good for the heart is good for the brain. Some risk is genetic and unmodifiable.
What should I do if I suspect dementia in a parent?
See a geriatric physician, neurologist, or memory clinic. Basic workup includes cognitive testing, blood tests (thyroid, B12, other reversible causes), and — often — brain imaging. Rule out treatable mimics (depression, medication effects, thyroid, vitamin deficiencies). Early diagnosis matters — some treatments work best in early stages, and time to plan (legal, financial, care) is valuable.
Are 'brain games' and supplements useful for cognition?
Regular novel mental activity (learning something new, social engagement, complex hobbies) has better evidence than commercial 'brain training' apps for slowing cognitive decline. Physical activity has strong evidence. Supplements marketed for brain health (ginkgo, various proprietary blends) have weak or no evidence. Save your money for exercise and social activities instead.
How do families cope with a parent's dementia?
Practical: create a safe environment, establish routines (predictability helps), simplify communication, address behaviours through environment changes not confrontation. Emotional: grief for the person changing while still alive is real and legitimate. Support: join dementia support groups (ARDSI is India's Alzheimer's association), consider respite care to prevent caregiver burnout. This is a marathon, not a sprint — sustainable pacing matters.
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