Depression & Anxiety covers what these conditions actually are — beyond ordinary sadness and worry — how they show up in body and mind, and when they warrant treatment. Our doctors and editorial team explain evidence-based therapy approaches, when medication helps, how to find a qualified provider in India, and how to support someone you love who is struggling.
Last reviewed: 11 August 2026
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Expert answers from our medical team
Sadness passes — depression persists. Depression is a low mood or loss of pleasure lasting at least 2 weeks, usually with other symptoms: sleep changes, appetite changes, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and sometimes thoughts of death. Sadness has a cause; depression often has no clear reason or is disproportionate to what's happening. It's a medical condition, not weakness.
Constant worry that's hard to control, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, sleep problems, muscle tension, racing thoughts, and physical symptoms — heart racing, breathlessness, sweating, stomach upset, headaches. Panic attacks are sudden intense episodes of fear with physical symptoms that peak within 10 minutes. Anxiety disorders are among the most common and most treatable mental health conditions.
For mild-to-moderate depression or anxiety, therapy alone works for many people — CBT and related approaches have strong evidence. For severe cases, combining therapy and medication works better than either alone. Medication is faster (2-6 weeks); therapy builds longer-lasting skills. Not one-size-fits-all — a psychiatrist and you decide together based on severity, preferences, and past history.
For a first episode of depression, guidelines suggest 6-12 months after symptoms resolve, then gradual tapering under supervision. For recurrent episodes, longer treatment is often recommended. Stopping too quickly or on your own can cause withdrawal-like symptoms and relapse. Antidepressants aren't addictive but need proper tapering. Discuss stopping with your psychiatrist, never on your own.
Reach out immediately — to a family member you trust, a friend, a mental health helpline (iCall: 9152987821; Vandrevala Foundation: 1860-2662-345; AASRA: 9820466726), or the nearest hospital emergency. Don't try to handle it alone. These thoughts are a medical emergency, treatable with proper support. If someone you know shares such thoughts, take them seriously and stay with them until help is arranged.
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